Unit 1 Review Quizzes:
Chapter 4 Quiz
1. The function of the nucleolus is
A. to protect the nucleus
B. to protect the chromosomes
C. to make ribosomes
D. to make DNA
2. Which of the following organelles does not have a membrane?
A. mitochondrion
B. vesicle
C. vacuole
D. ribosome
3. Which one of the following statements is not true?
A. A gene stores the information to make a particular protein.
B. All the genes within the nucleus of a cell will be copied to make a protein at some
time in the life cycle of a cell.
C. Different types of cells in your body contain the same genetic information.
D. Different proteins have different sequences of bases.
4. The function of the Golgi body is
A. to receive vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum
B. to send vesicles to the endoplasmic reticulum
C. to receive messages from the nucleus
D. to send messages to the nucleus
5. Which of the following steps for the production of a protein is incorrect?
A. The DNA message for a protein is copied into RNA.
B. The nucleus receives a chemical signal to make a specific protein.
C. The manufactured protein enters the endoplasmic reticulum.
D. DNA leaves through the nuclear pore.
6. Chromatin is
A. a substance that contains several molecules of DNA within each strand
B. a substance within the nucleus that contains DNA and proteins
C. a substance that unfolds before cell division
D. a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein
7. A gene mutation is
A. a change in the specific order of the A, G, C, and T bases that make up a particular
protein
B. a change in the specific order of the sugar and phosphates that make up a particular
protein
C. a substance that changes the DNA structure
D. a substance that causes genes to be copied incorrectly
8. Gene therapy is not used as frequently as drug therapy or surgical therapies because
A. the technique is too expensive
B. viruses for the procedure are not easily available
C. healthy genes are not easily available
D. the healthy gene must be switched on in the correct cells
9. Cystic fibrosis is
A. an example of a neutral mutation
B. an example of a positive mutation
C. an example of a negative mutation
D. the result of the substitution for the base A for the T base in only one position
on the gene
10. The white coat of the Spirit Bear is because of a
A. positive mutation
B. neutral mutation
C. negative mutation
D. gene therapy
Match the Term on the left with the best Descriptor on the right.
Each Descriptor may be used only once.
Term Descriptor
_____ 11. mitochondria
_____ 12. chloroplast
_____ 13. nucleus
_____ 14. nucleolus
_____ 15. Golgi body
_____ 16. endoplasmic reticulum
A. sorts and packages proteins for transport
B. ribosomes attach here
C. produces sugar for cell
D. changes sugar into useful energy for cell
E. ribosomes made here
F. contains information to make proteins
G. surrounds the cell membrane
BLM 2-
17. Explain how the nucleus controls the activities within a cell.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
18. What are three causes of gene mutations?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
19. Construct a flow chart that outlines how a protein is made. Use the terms below. Use
additional words to connect the terms.
DNA, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, nuclear pore, ribosomes, RNA, vesicle
Chapter 4 Quiz
1. The function of the nucleolus is
A. to protect the nucleus
B. to protect the chromosomes
C. to make ribosomes
D. to make DNA
2. Which of the following organelles does not have a membrane?
A. mitochondrion
B. vesicle
C. vacuole
D. ribosome
3. Which one of the following statements is not true?
A. A gene stores the information to make a particular protein.
B. All the genes within the nucleus of a cell will be copied to make a protein at some
time in the life cycle of a cell.
C. Different types of cells in your body contain the same genetic information.
D. Different proteins have different sequences of bases.
4. The function of the Golgi body is
A. to receive vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum
B. to send vesicles to the endoplasmic reticulum
C. to receive messages from the nucleus
D. to send messages to the nucleus
5. Which of the following steps for the production of a protein is incorrect?
A. The DNA message for a protein is copied into RNA.
B. The nucleus receives a chemical signal to make a specific protein.
C. The manufactured protein enters the endoplasmic reticulum.
D. DNA leaves through the nuclear pore.
6. Chromatin is
A. a substance that contains several molecules of DNA within each strand
B. a substance within the nucleus that contains DNA and proteins
C. a substance that unfolds before cell division
D. a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein
7. A gene mutation is
A. a change in the specific order of the A, G, C, and T bases that make up a particular
protein
B. a change in the specific order of the sugar and phosphates that make up a particular
protein
C. a substance that changes the DNA structure
D. a substance that causes genes to be copied incorrectly
8. Gene therapy is not used as frequently as drug therapy or surgical therapies because
A. the technique is too expensive
B. viruses for the procedure are not easily available
C. healthy genes are not easily available
D. the healthy gene must be switched on in the correct cells
9. Cystic fibrosis is
A. an example of a neutral mutation
B. an example of a positive mutation
C. an example of a negative mutation
D. the result of the substitution for the base A for the T base in only one position
on the gene
10. The white coat of the Spirit Bear is because of a
A. positive mutation
B. neutral mutation
C. negative mutation
D. gene therapy
Match the Term on the left with the best Descriptor on the right.
Each Descriptor may be used only once.
Term Descriptor
_____ 11. mitochondria
_____ 12. chloroplast
_____ 13. nucleus
_____ 14. nucleolus
_____ 15. Golgi body
_____ 16. endoplasmic reticulum
A. sorts and packages proteins for transport
B. ribosomes attach here
C. produces sugar for cell
D. changes sugar into useful energy for cell
E. ribosomes made here
F. contains information to make proteins
G. surrounds the cell membrane
BLM 2-
17. Explain how the nucleus controls the activities within a cell.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
18. What are three causes of gene mutations?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
19. Construct a flow chart that outlines how a protein is made. Use the terms below. Use
additional words to connect the terms.
DNA, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, nuclear pore, ribosomes, RNA, vesicle
Chapter 5 Quiz
1. The three stages of the cell cycle in order are
A. interphase, cytokinesis, and mitosis
B. interphase, replication and cytokinesis
C. cytokinesis, replication, and interphase
D. interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
2. The purpose of DNA replication is to
A. separate the DNA strands
B. separate the contents of the cell’s nucleus
C. pair new bases with bases on the original DNA
D. make an identical copy of the DNA
3. Which of the following is the correct order of the stages of mitosis?
A. telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase
B. anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase
C. anaphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
D. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
4. How does the cell cycle differ in plants and animals?
A. In plants, the daughter cells are not identical to the parent.
B. In plants, a cell plate forms between the daughter cells.
C. In plants, there are no spindle fibres formed.
D. In plants, the centrioles move to opposite poles.
5. Which of the following descriptions does not describe cancer cell growth?
A. Cancer cell growth is highly controlled.
B. Cancer cell has large abnormal nucleus.
C. Cancer cells move to new locations.
D. Cancer cells are unspecialized.
6. Which of the following organisms is not matched with its method of asexual
reproduction?
A. yeast, budding
B. hydra, binary fission
C. sea star, fragmentation
D. bacteria, spores
7. If one cell divided once every hour, how many cells would be produced after eight hours?
A. 16
B. 32
C. 64
D. 256
8. Which of the following is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
A. Offspring are genetic clones.
B. Many offspring are produced.
C. Energy is not required to find a mate.
D. Large colonies are produced.
9. Which of the following is not a method of vegetative reproduction?
A. forming bulbs
B. forming sprouts
C. forming runners
D. forming spores
10. Which of the following are the correct steps in DNA replication?
A. 1, 2, 3, 4
B. 2, 4, 1, 3
C. 3, 2, 4, 1
D. 4, 2, 1, 3
1. Each side of the ladder is a template on which a new side forms.
2. Enzymes separate the DNA molecule.
3. New bases pair with bases on the original DNA strand.
4. The DNA molecule unwinds.
Match each Term on the left with the best Descriptor on the right.
Each Descriptor may be used only once.
Terms Descriptors
_____ 11. prophase
_____ 12. telophase
_____ 13. anaphase
_____ 14. cytokinesis
_____ 15. metaphase
_____ 16. interphase
A. nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes
B. chromosomes form a single line at cell equator
C. the two nuclei separate
D. chromosomes attach to spindle fibres at their
centromeres
E. DNA replicates
F. sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell
G. the chromosomes dissolve
17. What are three requirements which must be met before a cell continues through the
cell cycle?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
18. (a) How are binary fission and budding similar?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(b) How are binary fission and budding different?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
19. Explain the disadvantages of asexual reproduction.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
1. The three stages of the cell cycle in order are
A. interphase, cytokinesis, and mitosis
B. interphase, replication and cytokinesis
C. cytokinesis, replication, and interphase
D. interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
2. The purpose of DNA replication is to
A. separate the DNA strands
B. separate the contents of the cell’s nucleus
C. pair new bases with bases on the original DNA
D. make an identical copy of the DNA
3. Which of the following is the correct order of the stages of mitosis?
A. telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase
B. anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase
C. anaphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
D. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
4. How does the cell cycle differ in plants and animals?
A. In plants, the daughter cells are not identical to the parent.
B. In plants, a cell plate forms between the daughter cells.
C. In plants, there are no spindle fibres formed.
D. In plants, the centrioles move to opposite poles.
5. Which of the following descriptions does not describe cancer cell growth?
A. Cancer cell growth is highly controlled.
B. Cancer cell has large abnormal nucleus.
C. Cancer cells move to new locations.
D. Cancer cells are unspecialized.
6. Which of the following organisms is not matched with its method of asexual
reproduction?
A. yeast, budding
B. hydra, binary fission
C. sea star, fragmentation
D. bacteria, spores
7. If one cell divided once every hour, how many cells would be produced after eight hours?
A. 16
B. 32
C. 64
D. 256
8. Which of the following is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
A. Offspring are genetic clones.
B. Many offspring are produced.
C. Energy is not required to find a mate.
D. Large colonies are produced.
9. Which of the following is not a method of vegetative reproduction?
A. forming bulbs
B. forming sprouts
C. forming runners
D. forming spores
10. Which of the following are the correct steps in DNA replication?
A. 1, 2, 3, 4
B. 2, 4, 1, 3
C. 3, 2, 4, 1
D. 4, 2, 1, 3
1. Each side of the ladder is a template on which a new side forms.
2. Enzymes separate the DNA molecule.
3. New bases pair with bases on the original DNA strand.
4. The DNA molecule unwinds.
Match each Term on the left with the best Descriptor on the right.
Each Descriptor may be used only once.
Terms Descriptors
_____ 11. prophase
_____ 12. telophase
_____ 13. anaphase
_____ 14. cytokinesis
_____ 15. metaphase
_____ 16. interphase
A. nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes
B. chromosomes form a single line at cell equator
C. the two nuclei separate
D. chromosomes attach to spindle fibres at their
centromeres
E. DNA replicates
F. sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell
G. the chromosomes dissolve
17. What are three requirements which must be met before a cell continues through the
cell cycle?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
18. (a) How are binary fission and budding similar?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(b) How are binary fission and budding different?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
19. Explain the disadvantages of asexual reproduction.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 6 Quiz
1. Which of the following is the correct order in sexual reproduction?
A. meiosis, gamete, fertilization, embryo
B. gamete, meiosis, fertilization, embryo
C. fertilization, meiosis, gamete, embryo
D. gamete, fertilization, meiosis, embryo
2. Mitosis is similar to meiosis II because
A. in both processes, the number of chromosomes is doubled
B. in both processes, identical daughter cells are produced
C. in both processes, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
D. in both processes, homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles
3. Which of the following events occurs in mitosis only?
A. produces genetically different cells
B. produces haploid cells
C. cells divide two times
D. produces genetically identical cells
4. Gamete formation in males is different than in females because
A. in males, meiosis begins before birth and stops until puberty
B. in males, meiosis II occurs before meiosis I
C. in males, there is equal distribution of cytoplasm into four cells
D. in males, there is unequal distribution of cytoplasm into four cells
5. The difference between gene mutations and chromosomal mutations is that
A. a single gene mutation can affect many genes in the chromosomes
B. gene mutations are the result of mutagens such as radiation
C. chromosomal mutations affect the sequence of the bases
D. chromosomal mutations can affect many genes in the chromosomes
6. A mutation that would be inherited must occur in a
A. skin cell
B. egg cell
C. muscle cell
D. cancer cell
7. Cow body cells have 60 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will be in a sperm cell
following meiosis II?
A. 30
B. 60
C. 120
D. 15
8. In the gastrula, cells in the mesoderm layer will become
A. kidneys
B. skin
C. lungs
D. liver
9. What is the main advantage of sexual reproduction?
A. Very little energy is required to find a mate.
B. Fewer offspring are produced.
C. The embryo is protected from dehydration.
D. The offspring are genetically different from the parents.
10. The procedure when a single sperm is injected into an egg cell is known as
A GIFT
B. ICSI
C. AI
D. IVF
Match each Term on the left with the best Descriptor on the right. Each Descriptor
may be used only once.
Term Descriptor
___ 11. prophase I
___ 12. telophase II
___ 13. anaphase I
___ 14. metaphase II
___ 15. anaphase II
___ 16. prophase II
A. the chromosomes form a single line at the
equator
B. sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the
cell
C. there is one chromosome of the homologous
pair in each cell
D. homologous chromosomes pair up and nonsister
chromatids exchange genetic material
E. a nuclear membrane forms around each set of
chromosomes
F. independent assortment of chromosome pairs
occurs
G. DNA replicates
17. Explain how the events of sexual reproduction produce variation in a species.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
18. Explain how sexual reproduction by internal fertilization provides advantages over external
fertilization.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
19. What are three advantages of assisted reproductive technologies?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
1. Which of the following is the correct order in sexual reproduction?
A. meiosis, gamete, fertilization, embryo
B. gamete, meiosis, fertilization, embryo
C. fertilization, meiosis, gamete, embryo
D. gamete, fertilization, meiosis, embryo
2. Mitosis is similar to meiosis II because
A. in both processes, the number of chromosomes is doubled
B. in both processes, identical daughter cells are produced
C. in both processes, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
D. in both processes, homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles
3. Which of the following events occurs in mitosis only?
A. produces genetically different cells
B. produces haploid cells
C. cells divide two times
D. produces genetically identical cells
4. Gamete formation in males is different than in females because
A. in males, meiosis begins before birth and stops until puberty
B. in males, meiosis II occurs before meiosis I
C. in males, there is equal distribution of cytoplasm into four cells
D. in males, there is unequal distribution of cytoplasm into four cells
5. The difference between gene mutations and chromosomal mutations is that
A. a single gene mutation can affect many genes in the chromosomes
B. gene mutations are the result of mutagens such as radiation
C. chromosomal mutations affect the sequence of the bases
D. chromosomal mutations can affect many genes in the chromosomes
6. A mutation that would be inherited must occur in a
A. skin cell
B. egg cell
C. muscle cell
D. cancer cell
7. Cow body cells have 60 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will be in a sperm cell
following meiosis II?
A. 30
B. 60
C. 120
D. 15
8. In the gastrula, cells in the mesoderm layer will become
A. kidneys
B. skin
C. lungs
D. liver
9. What is the main advantage of sexual reproduction?
A. Very little energy is required to find a mate.
B. Fewer offspring are produced.
C. The embryo is protected from dehydration.
D. The offspring are genetically different from the parents.
10. The procedure when a single sperm is injected into an egg cell is known as
A GIFT
B. ICSI
C. AI
D. IVF
Match each Term on the left with the best Descriptor on the right. Each Descriptor
may be used only once.
Term Descriptor
___ 11. prophase I
___ 12. telophase II
___ 13. anaphase I
___ 14. metaphase II
___ 15. anaphase II
___ 16. prophase II
A. the chromosomes form a single line at the
equator
B. sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the
cell
C. there is one chromosome of the homologous
pair in each cell
D. homologous chromosomes pair up and nonsister
chromatids exchange genetic material
E. a nuclear membrane forms around each set of
chromosomes
F. independent assortment of chromosome pairs
occurs
G. DNA replicates
17. Explain how the events of sexual reproduction produce variation in a species.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
18. Explain how sexual reproduction by internal fertilization provides advantages over external
fertilization.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
19. What are three advantages of assisted reproductive technologies?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Unit 1 Test
1. A skin cell functions differently than a muscle cell because
A. there are different genes in each cell
B. there are different DNA molecules in each cell
C. different proteins are made in each cell
D. different genes are made in each cell
2. RNA is an important molecule in the cell because it
A. carries information from one generation to the next
B. carries information from the cell to the rest of the body
C. carries information from the ribosome to the nucleus
D. carries information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
3. If one side of a DNA molecule had the bases ACGTTGACT, the order of the bases on the
other side of the strand would be
A. ACGTTGACT
B. TGCAACTGA
C. GTACCAGTC
D. CGCAACTA
4. Which is not a use for gene therapy?
A. to clone an organism
B. to replace a mutated gene with a healthy gene
C. to deliver healthy genes using inactive viruses to treat cystic fibrosis
D. to alter the immune system
5. Which of the following is not a step in DNA replication?
A. The DNA molecule unwinds.
B. The steps of the DNA ladder break apart to form a template.
C. The RNA is copied from the DNA molecule.
D. The new side forms and A pairs with T and G pairs with C.
6. In the DNA sequence GACTGACTGACT, a mutation occurred and the piece of DNA
then contained the letters GACTTGACTGACT. What type of mutation is this an
example of?
A. deletion
B. addition
C. substitution
D. translocation
7. People with Down syndrome have
A. 47 chromosomes in their karyotype
B. 45 chromosomes in their karyotype
C. three copies of chromosome 18
D. one copy of chromosome 21
8. The embryonic stage where the embryo cells are arranged into a hollow ball is called a
A. morula
B. blastula
C. gastrula
D. fetus
9. Which event in prophase of mitosis is incorrect?
A. The nucleolus disappears.
B. Centromeres pull apart.
C. Spindle fibres form.
D. Individual chromosomes attach to spindle fibres.
10. Which of the following best describes the events of anaphase 1?
A. Homologous chromosomes pair up at the equator.
B. One chromosome from each homologous pair is at each pole of the cell.
C. The centromere pulls apart, and the sister chromatids separate and are pulled to
opposite poles by the spindle fibres.
D. Homologous chromosomes attached to centromeres separate and are pulled to opposite
poles by the spindle fibres.
Match each Term on the left with the best Descriptor on the right. Each Descriptor
may be used only once.
Term Descriptor
___ 11. gametes
___ 12. mitosis
___ 13. ectoderm
___ 14. stem cells
___ 15. zygote
___ 16. meiosis
___ 17. diploid
___ 18. sexual reproduction
___ 19. endoderm
___ 20. independent assortment
A. two sets of chromosomes
B. formed from the process of fertilization
C. produces genetically different offspring
D. these cells will form the lungs and liver
E. specialized cells needed for reproduction
F. the process where duplicated chromosomes
divide in two
G. produces variation
H. these cells will form the brain
I. have the potential to become any type of cell
J. process that produces gametes
K. only one parent is required to produce offspring
21. How does the nucleus control the functions of life?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
22. Explain how the gene message creates a protein in the cell.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
23. Why is interphase important for the cell and cell cycle?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
24. (a) List three types of asexual reproduction.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(b) Provide an example of each type.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
26. (a) What are mutations?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(b) How are mutations caused?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
27. Why may human-assisted plant and animal cloning methods be useful in the future?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
28. Describe how the process of fertilization takes place within a flower.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
29. What main events occur in fetal development within the first three months
following fertilization?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
30. What are three societal issues involving reproductive technology?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
1. A skin cell functions differently than a muscle cell because
A. there are different genes in each cell
B. there are different DNA molecules in each cell
C. different proteins are made in each cell
D. different genes are made in each cell
2. RNA is an important molecule in the cell because it
A. carries information from one generation to the next
B. carries information from the cell to the rest of the body
C. carries information from the ribosome to the nucleus
D. carries information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
3. If one side of a DNA molecule had the bases ACGTTGACT, the order of the bases on the
other side of the strand would be
A. ACGTTGACT
B. TGCAACTGA
C. GTACCAGTC
D. CGCAACTA
4. Which is not a use for gene therapy?
A. to clone an organism
B. to replace a mutated gene with a healthy gene
C. to deliver healthy genes using inactive viruses to treat cystic fibrosis
D. to alter the immune system
5. Which of the following is not a step in DNA replication?
A. The DNA molecule unwinds.
B. The steps of the DNA ladder break apart to form a template.
C. The RNA is copied from the DNA molecule.
D. The new side forms and A pairs with T and G pairs with C.
6. In the DNA sequence GACTGACTGACT, a mutation occurred and the piece of DNA
then contained the letters GACTTGACTGACT. What type of mutation is this an
example of?
A. deletion
B. addition
C. substitution
D. translocation
7. People with Down syndrome have
A. 47 chromosomes in their karyotype
B. 45 chromosomes in their karyotype
C. three copies of chromosome 18
D. one copy of chromosome 21
8. The embryonic stage where the embryo cells are arranged into a hollow ball is called a
A. morula
B. blastula
C. gastrula
D. fetus
9. Which event in prophase of mitosis is incorrect?
A. The nucleolus disappears.
B. Centromeres pull apart.
C. Spindle fibres form.
D. Individual chromosomes attach to spindle fibres.
10. Which of the following best describes the events of anaphase 1?
A. Homologous chromosomes pair up at the equator.
B. One chromosome from each homologous pair is at each pole of the cell.
C. The centromere pulls apart, and the sister chromatids separate and are pulled to
opposite poles by the spindle fibres.
D. Homologous chromosomes attached to centromeres separate and are pulled to opposite
poles by the spindle fibres.
Match each Term on the left with the best Descriptor on the right. Each Descriptor
may be used only once.
Term Descriptor
___ 11. gametes
___ 12. mitosis
___ 13. ectoderm
___ 14. stem cells
___ 15. zygote
___ 16. meiosis
___ 17. diploid
___ 18. sexual reproduction
___ 19. endoderm
___ 20. independent assortment
A. two sets of chromosomes
B. formed from the process of fertilization
C. produces genetically different offspring
D. these cells will form the lungs and liver
E. specialized cells needed for reproduction
F. the process where duplicated chromosomes
divide in two
G. produces variation
H. these cells will form the brain
I. have the potential to become any type of cell
J. process that produces gametes
K. only one parent is required to produce offspring
21. How does the nucleus control the functions of life?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
22. Explain how the gene message creates a protein in the cell.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
23. Why is interphase important for the cell and cell cycle?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
24. (a) List three types of asexual reproduction.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(b) Provide an example of each type.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
26. (a) What are mutations?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(b) How are mutations caused?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
27. Why may human-assisted plant and animal cloning methods be useful in the future?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
28. Describe how the process of fertilization takes place within a flower.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
29. What main events occur in fetal development within the first three months
following fertilization?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
30. What are three societal issues involving reproductive technology?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________